Racial Tensions Essays - Discrimination, Social Inequality, Politics

Racial Tensions Essays - Discrimination, Social Inequality, Politics Racial Tensions For Democracy to truly thrive there must be equal opportunity and an equal distribution of hope for all people. A myth that underpins American culture is that we live in a land where success is based on merit, and differences in wealth is due to the differences in ambition and ability. Each individual has equal opportunity obtain an educational foundation that will provide social mobility, self-improvement and self-awareness. Lastly each individual will live without the pains of discrimination and will have the freedom to pursue their dreams. If this American myth is true, do we still need legislation such as Affirmative Action? Since the birth of this country, there has also been the issue of racial discrimination. We have made progress since the days of slavery and segregation, but animosity towards a universal acceptance of all races still exist. Today in America, white males occupy most managerial positions, and corporate market institutions have a disproportionate amount of capital, power and influence on how society is run and how culture is shaped. (p25, Race Matters) After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. In 1965 the U.S. government believed that employers were discriminating against minorities and that action must be taken to try to bring equality back into the marketplace. On September 24, 1965, President, Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order #11246 at Howard University that required federal contractors to take affirmative actio n to ensure that applicants are employed . . . without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin (Civil Rights). When Lyndon Banes Johnson signed that order, he enacted one of the most controversial pieces of legislation. Affirmative action was created in an effort to help minorities leap the discriminative barriers that are present in this country. In a statement released in 1981 by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, Jack P. Hartog, who directed the project, said: Only if discrimination were nothing more than the misguided acts of a few prejudiced individuals would affirmative action plans be reverse discrimination. Only if todays society were operating fairly toward minorities and women would measures that take race, sex, and national origin into account be preferential treatment. Only if discrimination were securely placed in a well-distant past would affirmative action be an unneeded and drastic remedy. The problem with Affirmative Action is that is has t wo serious drawbacks that I will mention, it contributes to preferential treatment and reverse discrimination. The following cases are examples of what has occurred after the legislation has been past; In 1969, five major Omaha corporations reported that the number of white managers fell 25% due to restrictions put on them when affirmative action was adopted (Nebraska Advisory Committee 27). In 1977, The Northern Natural Gas Company of Omaha, Nebraska, was forced by the government to release sixty-five white male workers to make room for minority employees. (Nebraska Advisory Committee 40). From the above examples we have created situations that have the potential to increase racial prejudices amongst the workers and families of the workers. Needless the employees were treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. desired a world without discrimination, without prejudice, and without stereotypes. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.(Martin Luther King Jr.) The fundamental lesson that years of discrimination should have taught is that to give anyone preference based on skin color, sex, or religious beliefs is wrong. Needless to say preferential hiring does influence judgments based on skin color, race and sex. By no means am I trying to use the late Martin Luther King Jr.s speech against his original cause, but instead I hope to bring attention to the fact that the government has implemented a law, which can lead to negative consequences. The end result from affirmative action may actually fuel, rather than extinguish, racial hostilities through out our country. Just as the late Martin Luther King Jr. feelings towards discrimination fueled one of the greatest changes

Rethinking the role of academic institutions in moral education

Rethinking the role of academic institutions in moral education Hashtag: #ReasonsToRespectJB Who and What Deserve Respect? Moral Education and Disrespect Respect is a universal virtue. However, conceptions of what deserves respect and who should be respected differ in culture, established local practices, and individual moral education. The characteristic of a respectable person in a particular community, for instance, is dependent on the manner by which a particular cultural group conceives and recognized the value of respect in peaceful coexistence. Ordinary people possessing culturally compliant social and emotional skills (i.e. honesty, courteousness, humility, etc.) are more likely to earn respect than a young celebrity who enjoys urinating on flag and mop bucket, resist arrest for driving under the influence, sued by neighbor for causing emotional distress, and trying to earn it back here #ReasonsToRespectJB. There are several sources of moral education but good moral training is often acquired through institutions cultivating â€Å"sense of reverence†, an attitude believed vital to morality. Academic institutions are morally educative community influencing students’ moral principle, values, and compliance with social standards. In fact, transfer of academic knowledge and development of social and culturally appropriate values and attitude in school occurs simultaneously as a formative process of linking moral values and intellectual capacity, reinforcing values learned at home and community, and developing a  strong commitment to moral behavior. The above commitment is the reason why most educated individuals are ethics-conscious, perpetually respectful of life and authority, respectful of other people’s feelings, belief, property, and rights, and easily earn the respect of others. They normally offer the apology for their mistake or negligence as truth and authenticity in moral principle deserve or earns respect. Get more information here: Practice What You Preach Human Dignity: How Is It Valued What Are the Best Ways to Conduct Research A Better Way to Understand Teams and Roles Managing Conflicts in Group Apology Alone Earns No Respect Some of the #ReasonsToRespectJB according to social media users (most probably avid fans of JB) despite nasty behavior is the courage to admit his mistake and make a public apology. Another is his well-publicized  kindness and good deeds, which is in quite interesting. Considering the fundamental moral principle associated with the apology, admission of mistakes, charity, and good deeds, these acts should be supported by important virtues to earn respect. For instance, a respect-earning apology is one that is sincere, do not make excuses for such behavior, and offered in a timely manner. Unfortunately, JB’s public apology contained praises like â€Å"I am a human being I think people forget that†, â€Å"I’m growing up, figuring some stuff out†, and others. JB even used bad publicities (ex. â€Å"labeling him gay at age 16 and a father at 17) as an excuse for his behavior. The untimely public apology blaming inherent human weakness such as young peoples’ natural curiosity, stress from bad publicity, lack of knowledge, and public misjudgment was actually considered by some social media users as the â€Å"strongest† reason to respect JB. It is really sad but insincerity deserves no respect. It is important to consider that although the courage to admit a mistake and offer an apology for them are excellent moral values, JB is a young celebrity that thrives on reputation and fans, rapidly losing disenchanted fans and product endorsement. He made so many excuses for his mistakes and therefore not guilty, insincere, and misleading the public about his true intention. Moreover, in terms of moral education, JB entered show business at a very young age and graduated from high school in 2012 with the following comments. â€Å"Im free! It was hard doing school and work every day†¦. at school, usually you have to do a lot of writing and reading. Im really not into that stuff. I like to be out there! Now, was his lack of concern over intellectual development in high school affected his moral education? Probably Yes.

The European Theater of World War II Research Paper

The European Theater of World War II - Research Paper Example The war started in September 1939 when Hitler’s Germany initiated an attack on Poland while Britain and France called for a war against Germany. Most of the battles fought in the war were fought over the control of different territories in the continent2. It is said that the seed of the Second World War was hidden in the First World War itself. Germany’s humiliation in the Versailles Treaty had injured the German national pride. Hitler used this sentiment cleverly; and rose in the power. Germany went through a lot of economic difficulties3. Germany experienced a severe economic depression during the early 1920s. Hitler blamed it on the terms imposed on Germany at end of the First World War. Hitler stirred up the injured German pride and rose to power in Germany. His Nazi party won the parliamentary election in July 1912 and in January 1933 he became the chancellor of Germany4. German Invasion of Poland: On 1st September 1939 Hitler’s army marched into Poland. On September 3, Britain and France initiated war against Germany to safeguard Poland. This is known as the official beginning of the war. However Hitler’s aggression started the year before, when he annexed Austria with Germany with support from Mussolini’s Italy. Then Hitler threatened Czechoslovakia and wanted Sudetenland. In the Munich Pact the Czechs gave away Sudetenland on French and British request. However, few months after Hitler took reminder of Czechoslovakia violating the Munich pact. During this period Poland continued to get threats from Germany. Britain vowed to help Poland if Germany threatens its independence. Poland already had a mutual treaty with France5 (Feldman, 2000, pp. 38-43). So, when Germany attacked Poland, Britain and France went on to wage a war against Germany. Poland had a strong military force but they were no match to the German panzer division and the motorized division; in addition the Germans had a large fleet of modern aircrafts where , the Poles had a medium size fleet of obsolete aircrafts. Germany used tanks and air power simultaneously. Its bombers continued to bomb Warsaw for days. This is famously known as the blitzkrieg. Within a few days Germany took almost whole of the country. The remaining small part of the Poland was controlled by the Soviet Union; as the soviet force invaded that part of Poland in the name of defending Poland and itself6. However after the takeover of Poland nothing much happened. Although Britain and France declared war on Germany they took a defensive stand. This was called by the U. S. newspapers the Phony War7. The Soviet Finnish War: In the year 1939 Finland was the victim of an invasion led by Soviet Union. But they did not get much success; the Finnish army, though heavily outnumbered, fiercely resisted the red army. This rose world opinion against the Soviet Union. This also gave England and France an opportunity to enter Finland and help it. Britain and France had also other aims; they wanted an opening to enter Germany. The asked for help from Norway and Sweden too. But both the countries refused permission to build a camp on their soil8. Attack on Denmark and Norway: The month of April, 1940 witnessed the attack on Norway and Denmark by Hitler. Denmark surrendered at once. But, Norway decided to fight9. With the help from the British and the French, Norway put up a resistance for sometime. At last they surrendered

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of medical professional lying to patients. State and explain the similarities and differences in their views - Essay Example the disclosure of bad news to patients is a very difficult process; hence, it is beneficial for medical practitioners to adopt a neutral mentality between always telling the truth and never telling the truth when disclosing information to the patient. Bok however, is firm on the viewpoint that it is necessary for doctors to sometimes lie to the patient when certain conditions are met. He however does not agree with Meyer’s statement that truthfulness is impossible. She perceives it as failure to differentiate between the truth from truthfulness. Though she disagrees with this statement, in my opinion some similarities with Meyer’s viewpoint exist. Meyer believes that the truth cannot always be clearly defined hence; it cannot always be presented to the patient (Meyer, n.d). In this case Meyer provides the example of conditions that are terminal at time of disclosure, however, may have a cure in the near future. It coincides with Bok’s example of telling the patient he has at least four months to live, instead of telling him that he will die in four months. The fact that he will live for four months is verified, however, the fact that he will die isn’t. Meyer believes that patients may ask for the truth meanwhile they do not actually want the truth and simply want to gain confidence from the good news. However, Bok believes it is an empirical fact that patients want to hear the truth about their condition and doctors have no right or justification to withhold information on the assumption that patients actually prefer it (Bok, n.d). Bok agrees with Meyers’s view that the truth may sometimes harm the patient. Meyer refers to this as ‘therapeutic privileged’. However, Bok believes that this claim by Meyer is exaggerated and benefits from telling the truth exist and are not given sufficient attention. Bok believes that telling the patient the truth allows him or her to decide what steps to take forward in his or her treatment process. She allows

Ashlyfive point linguistic star Essay Example for Free

Ashlyfive point linguistic star Essay We’ve allowed a natural approach to language instruction to dominate our schools, hoping our English learners â€Å"will just figure it out. † (SCOE, 2009) This approach suggested by Kevin Clark proposes that teachers explicitly teach ELL by giving them a set of skills. Teacher will have to teach students not just vocabulary, but the sound system of language, the words and their word parts and meanings, and also rules for structuring sentences grammatically. Teaching students from this perspective can support a deeper understanding of the language. When the  concept is thoroughly supported by background knowledge, explanation as to why, activities that strengthen skills, and consistency in lesson structure that follows this pattern, students are more likely to understand the concept and create a platform from which to launch higher level thinking and conclusions on following concepts and content area. Students learn more efficiently when they have prior knowledge on a presented concept. If the student can link content to a concept that they gained from previous knowledge on from their own unique background or culture, it  will inevitably spark interest in that subject area. By sparking interest the teacher is now adding value to the lesson. Since students synonymize interest with value, the teacher would prove effective. Now a sense of purpose has now been infused into the lesson, and the student/students may begin to contribute more. (NCREL, 1990) This approach is rather intriguing, and teachers should be trained in linguistics prior to teaching ELLs. I would learn the subparts of linguistics via a course: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. By learning each subpart in-depth, I can better compose lesson plans and activities that explore those areas for the ELLs to better benefit. Understanding the mechanics of a language is just as important as understanding the language itself, for both teachers and students. The concept of prior knowledge should not be limited to the students but 2 LINGUISTIC APPROACH teachers should utilize this concept for their own effective instruction. If teachers have prior knowledge of the subparts of the English language, as well as knowledge of the diverse cultures  he/she is instructing can help the teacher create and blend a comprehensive and student-inclusive lesson plan and curriculum. Prior knowledge influences how the teacher and students interact with the learning materials as both individuals and a group. (Kujawa and Huske, 1995) Prior knowledge assists in segue of appropriate instruction and retention, because it is a foundation from which to build from and facilitates the idea of making sense of the educational experience. As the students are learning from the linguistic perspective, especially under syntax and  semantics, students would be primed for grammatical instruction, also. As they learn how, where and when to use appropriate vocabulary, I will insert instruction on main grammatical principles and rules and branch off into further instruction where applicable. I would try to make sound non-confusing connections with the native language grammatical principles, so there is a prior knowledge foundation established in that arena as well. I would also have a grammar day in the middle of the week to review prior concepts and morph new grammar lessons into the lesson  plan and utilize formative assessment strategies to see what needs to be reviewed and further defined. 3 LINGUISTIC APPROACH References Kujawa, S. , Huske, L. (1995). The Strategic Teaching and Reading Project guidebook (Rev. ed. ). Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Restructuring to promote learning in Americas schools, videoconference #2: The thinking curriculum. (1990). Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Sonoma County Office of Education. (2009) Structuring language instruction to advance stalled English learners. Aiming High Resource. Retrieved September 16 2014. 4

The Great Gatsby Movie Review :: essays research papers

The 1974 adaptation of the critically acclaimed novel the Great Gatsby is directed by Jack Clayton and screenwriten by Francis Ford Coppola, with Robert and Mia Farrow as leads. The two actors give excellent performances, and certainly portray the beautiful people they are made out to be in the book. One scene in particular that reflected that Redford was was chosen for this part was when the Nick and Gatsby are in suits and Nick is perspiring in is utterly unsuitable manner of dress for the weather, while Gatsby remains cool as usual, not shedding a drop of sweat. In addition Mia Farrow develops Daisy's flighty character nicely, and she makes you love her but hate her at the same time very well. Another aspect of the film I found impeccable was the scenery, which centres on the lives of America’s decadent and spoiled. The scenery presents the idea that they have money than they need and they can do whatever they want whenever they want. Their scenery is a recreation of European historical grandeur, a fact that the film is keen to demonstrate. Symbolism in the movie was also awesome, I really appreciated how the director added a few twists of his own which I will come to shortly. Particularly memorable is the scene where Daisy weeps over Gatsby's shirts. Is she really weeping for their beauty ? This was really well done and hampered enough to make the viewers believe that someone could actually be so superficial. Also kudos to the director on the scene when the film visits the miserable gas-station home of Tom Buchanan's lover, Myrtle. Here the colour drains from the film, serving as a sharp contrast to the rainbow spectrum of the rich’s world, where money reflects carelessness and happiness. Also recall that owning a dog seems to be the ultimate fashion accessory of the time. The film has dogs running everywhere, a reflection I'm sure on their owners. But see if you can glimpse the scruffy mongrel that steals food from a table at one of Gatsby's parties. Is this a reflection of how Gatsby got his fortune as suggest ed that he came upon it just like how the dog came across the food on the table. This was one metaphor I didn’t catch in the book and I credit to Francis Ford Coppola the screenwriter. Also the Clayton/ Coppola team portray the spectacles of T.

Discussion of Architectural Movements

Question 1: See the impact of the Industrial Revolution on 19th century architecture. Your reply should research the manner in which edifices could be constructed, every bit good as the new demands being made upon architecture. The 19th century brought an age of uncertainness, assurance apparent in the elegant architecture of the 18th C had diminished, rejecting abnormality and polychrome, and was subjected to a period of architectural eclectic method. The birth of this sought after manner would let elements to be retained from old historic case in points, returning to the manner of Michelangelo etc. , whilst making something that is new andoriginal, forming manners of Neo-Classical and Neo-Gothic. This ability to make a merger of manners allowed for look devised through creative activity, notreminiscence ; normally elected based on its propensity to the undertaking and overall aesthetic value, seeking to reconstruct order and restraint to architecture. Another Influence can be traced from the industrial revolution, a clip of rapid alteration, sing dramatic fluctuation and experimentation. With Changes in fabrication, conveyance, engineering, there was a profound effect on the societal economic sciences and cultural conditions. The urban population radically increased, with metropoliss likewise multiplying in size and figure. The effects for these new spread outing metropoliss was monolithic overcrowding. Factory proprietors were required to supply a big measure of inexpensive houses, ensuing in dumbly packedterraces, constructed to a low criterion. The enlargement of mass industry brought the potency of new constructing engineerings such as dramatis personae Fe, steel, and glass, with which designers and applied scientists devised constructions antecedently un-reached in both map, size, and signifier. Consequently, stuffs could be mass produced quickly and cheaply, non merely being applied to things like bricks, but besides Fe colu mns, glass panels etc. , intending constructions of all types could be constructed quicker and cheaper than of all time earlier. This generated a new potency of standardized designs, created from indistinguishable mill constituents, which could be mass produced bettering the efficiency of building clip but non needfully the quality. Through the rise of the revolution, architecture was now exposed to a magnitude of new building methods. Structures dwelling of metal columns and beams no longer needed walls for structural support, glass could be fashioned in larger sizes volumes and dense constructions could be replaced by skeleton constructions ; doing it possible to make antecedently restricted tallness and width really rapidly, utilizing pre-fabricated elements. However, this new architecture lacked in imaginativeness and manner as the focal point was cast towards functionality. An illustration of this new engineering was The Crystal Palace 1851. It was a glass and Fe collector's item, with pre-fabricated parts that could be mass-produced and erected quickly. This dazzled the 1000000s of visitants go throughing through its doors as it stood in blazing disparity to old monolithic rock building. Crystal Palace became the foundation for modern architecture, its transparence signified a sense of ‘no boundaries ’ . Question 2: Chart the cardinal features of the Art Nouveau motion in architecture. To what extent was this motion influential in the move towards International Modernism? The architectural manner of Art Nouveau foremost arouse in Europe, bring forthing its most originative stage between 1893 and 1905. Art Nouveau repelled against old classical Hellenic and Roman rules, rejecting the rigorous and formal ideals, which had been prevailing during much of the 19th C. It was established on the merger of formal inspiration from the English Arts and Crafts, every bit good as the structural importance of Gallic Rationalism, and the structural abstraction from nature, which was perceived as the best beginning of stimulation and aesthetic principals. Architects found their inspiration in the expressive organic signifiers that emphasised humanity ‘s natural aspiration, with dominate ornate embroideries, curvilineal signifiers, and design motives based on conventionalized workss and flowers. Art Nouveau manner architecture can be identified by specific basicss and separating factors which led to omnipresent cultural urges, looking throughout its life clip, n evertheless there is no individual definition or significance behind it. The manner originated from the reaction to a kingdom of art which was dominated by precise geometrical composings of Neo-Classical ideals. In hunt of a new design linguistic communication, constructs evolved distant from historical and classical restraints employed by old faculty members and current case in points. Alternatively designs were characterized by graceful, sinuate lines filled with irregular way, which were seldom angular. This was accompanied by violent curves ; rhythmic forms of curved, fluid lines that connect beautified field points, such as entrywaies and dramatis personae columns. The doctrine of Art Nouveau was in proviso of using delicate beauty to commonplace objects, in order for beautiful objects to be crystalline to all. No entity was excessively useful to be beautified, it was non merely apparent in external architecture butinterior ornamentsdisplayed its criterions as good. The inclination led towards organic capable affair, flowers, foliages, vines, and oth er organic images embellished architecture with each characteristic obtaining a different visual aspect ; a rapper moulded to look like a darning needle, birds etched into window frames, abstract lilies floating about stairwell bannisters. The manner embraces a assortment of stylistic readings ; some designers choosing for new low-priced stuffs with the aspiration of mass production, whilst others used more expensive stuffs valuing high workmanship. A assortment of motions continued to scout incorporate organic design, including DeStijl, and the Bauhaus School, nevertheless this shortly declined. Art Nouveau constituted a major measure towards the rational and stylistic invention of modern architecture, interrupting the tendency of looking backwards, which emphasised map over signifier and the riddance of otiose adornment. The stylistic basicss progressed into the simpler, rationalised signifiers of modernism. Theunderlying basicss of the art nouveau construct, of a exhaustively incorporate environment, remains a important component of modern-day modernism today. Question 3: With mentions to illustrations of his reinforced work, explore Le Corbusier’s ‘Five Points of a New Architecture’ . Le Corbusier’s foremost principle expressions at the system of structural support, it suggests that a differentiation can instantly be made between elements. Therefore back uping walls can be replaced by a grid of columns, spaced out at specific, equal intervals that withholds the structural burden. By promoting the land floor, it is thereby removed from the moistness land and is now to subject to visible radiation and air and accordingly the landscape can go on to flux beneath whilst deriving extra level roof infinite. The 2nd rule identifies the demand for the level roof to be utilised for a domestic intent such as a roof patio or garden, later intending that infinite lost in built up countries can be recovered. This country will expose epicurean organic flora, nevertheless it provides a structural intent supplying indispensable protection to the concrete roof. Resulting rain can now be controlled, fluxing off bit by bit down drain pipes, concealed within the inside of the e difice. The 3rd rule provinces that, due to fortunes made clear in the first rule, interior walls can now be placed where required, each floor being wholly independent to the following. The absence of back uping walls allows unrestrained freedom within the internal design. The forth rule dictates that the facade can be lifted from its structural map, leting the freedom of design separated from its original outside. By projecting the floor beyond its system of structural supports the whole facade is extended, losing its supportive quality, the facade therefore is free from limitations. The 5th rule determines that the facade can be intersect with horizontal window running the full length, widening from support to back up. These rectangular gaps allow plentiful sums of visible radiation and air, accomplishing equally illuminated suites of maximal light and hence taking the demand for perpendicular Windowss. We can picture the development of these rules through some of his reinforced work, foremost with his experimentation with Maison Citrohan, 1922. Through legion paradigms le Corbusier dramas with presenting this typical characteristics. Villa Stein 1926, is the first full illustration of these rules. Built around a rigorous grid of structural columns, the Villa features an unfastened program layout with roof patio protected by screens. The concrete construction obtains strips of thread Windowss, nevertheless that land beneath has been to the full consumed by the Villa. The Villa Savoye 1929, visibly embodies all five points of the new aesthetic. The majority of the construction is supported above the land by slender reinforced concrete piles. The house conceals an unfastened floor program that culminates a roof garden, counterbalancing for the green infinite lost beneath. Finally, the clean white facade embodies the typical thread windows that allow unobstructed positions.

Proposal: West Parking

Contents Introduction2 Problem2 Objectives3 Solution4 Doing Nothing4 Installing extra traffic lights4 Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion5 Improving North and West Parking5 Methods6 Cost8 Benefits9 Conclusion10 References10 Introduction We propose to expand the West and North parking lots of the UAA main campus to greatly reduce traffic congestion, to save time for students and staff, and to help decrease automobile accidents. Problem The UAA main campus is a commuter to more than 15, 000 students (Common data from UAA).The countless number of vehicles commuting to and from campus creates traffic congestions and is desperately in need of more parking spaces. Lack of adequate parking space for students and staff have negative impacts: * Road rage. The survey given in 2008 to UAA students reported that frustration due to congested traffic resulted in unsafe driving practices. Much could have been prevented if there were enough parking spaces for the vehicles that enter campus parking. * Tardiness.Delays due to finding parking space are direct consequence of students and staff being late for classes. Estimated time to find parking space may take up to 20 minutes (2008-UAA student’s survey). People usually experience high stress level due to frustration of finding parking space. Tardiness may have a direct effect on students’ performance in classes (University of Washington MDJ). * Unauthorized use of parking. UAA students admitted to have used Providence Hospital, and Goose Lake parking due to lack of adequate parking spots on campus.This unauthorized use of parking is taking away the spots reserved for the hospital’s patient, and those reserved for recreational use in the park. * Outrageous Parking Fees. The unanimous survey in 2008 for students showed concern over increased parking fees every semester, yet still not enough parking available. This is a â€Å"hot† topic next to book prices and spiking tuition. Student’s complaints are justified that if UAA is going to charge more for parking, then more parking spaces will also be required from the university. * ER access.Traffic created by students and staff vehicles at the main campus has negative impact for hospital emergencies vehicles. UAA main campus is located across the Providence Hospital, and interfering with littering the Providence Drive with students and staff vehicles may be critical of saving someone’s life where minutes or even seconds are critical to one’s well being. * Road safety. Students have reported and are concern about the pedestrian safety once they park the vehicles (2008 survey). There is no pedestrian pathway from the North and West Parking to campus buildings; walking is on the road.Concerns are mostly in wintertime, (fall and spring semesters) where icy and snowy roads, and poor visibility is a road hazard to moving vehicles and pedestrians. * Vehicle accidents. Department of Transportat ions (DOT) ranks the Providence Drive in top five of hazardous locations. The proximity of UAA and Hospital at Providence Drive and congested traffic at this area is responsible for high amount of automobile accidents (according to US. DOT –Federal Highway Administration). Objectives To create a solution for improved parking at UAA and traffic congestion problems issues must: 1.Include a solid development plan that would benefit students, staff, and the UAA. The students and staff would greatly appreciate adequate parking spaces for their vehicle. UAA would positively gain revenue from parking fees. 2. Ensure that parking construction is developed on time and that students attending the following semester are not interrupted with constructions issues. 3. Ensure that pedestrians’ pathways are easily accessible from parking, thus greatly reducing chance of someone being hit by a vehicle. 4. Avoid new traffic congestions on Providence Drive due to parking construction.Sol ution There are several potential solutions to the problems outlined earlier in the proposal. These solutions are: * Doing nothing * Installing extra traffic lights * Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion * Improving North and West Parking Doing Nothing This is the least effective solution to the existing problem. By doing nothing, we cannot improve parking issues desperately sought by many students and staffs. The use of unauthorized parking in the property of Providence Hospital and Goose Lake will likely continue.Road rage will likely occur as it has. Issues of tardiness will continue if we do not take appropriate steps to solve it. By doing nothing we will not help to solve automobile accidents, impact road safety, or help with ER access (2008 survey, DOT). Installing extra traffic lights This next possible solution is to install extra traffic lights. This measure of safety and coordination of traffic would add benefit t a more regulated traffic flow, an d improve the safety of the pedestrian’s crosswalks. According to Municipality of Anchorage (M. O.A), Traffic Department, Lance Wilber, said that the cost of installing traffic lights may be well over $700,000 per cross-section, depending on the location and construction plans involved. This solution seems ineffective because it does not solve the pedestrians’ safety concerns over the crossing from the parking area to the campus buildings, nor solve the lack of available parking space. This solution contributes to solving some traffic congestion at campus, but better solution is needed. In addition, M. O. A advised against installation of new traffic lights since there are already five in place at the Providence Drive.Hiring an extra parking staff to coordinate traffic congestion Hiring an extra parking staff could be a reasonable solution for traffic congestion at campus. This solution requires hiring of twelve individuals for North and West Parking, for coordinating traffic at the busiest time: mornings and late afternoon. The vehicles entering campus would be guided to available parking and pedestrians’ safety could be looked after. According to Parking Services, estimated cost for an extra staff and equipment on annual basis would amount to over half a million dollars.However, this would not help eliminate vehicle traffic at Providence Drive; in fact, traffic congestion would likely be worse than it is now. Parking Services, advised against hiring an extra staff to help coordinate traffic due to lack of budget. Improving North and West Parking The best solution to the problems outlined earlier in the proposal is to improve the largest parking on main campus, which is the North, and West Parking. These hold the largest accommodation of parking lots, and are easily accessible from: Providence Drive, Lake Otis Parkway, and UAA Drive-Mallard Lane.For its convenience of being accessible to the main campus and having close proximity to 13-UA A buildings, and short walking distance to other facilities, the North and West Parking is the best candidate and that needs improvement. The advantage to this solution is that it would double the available parking spaces. By creating more space, vehicles would move faster to and from campus creating less congestion on busy Providence Drive. Improvement to existing parking would add walkways to help cross over going to the campus, thus greatly improving road safety for both: the vehicles and pedestrians.Vehicle accidents, road rage, and ER access would be improved since the congestion on Providence Drive would be minimized. This solution would favorably affect the issues with tardiness and positively solve the unauthorized use of parking at Providence Hospital and Goose Lake. The cost of this project is approximately set at 2 million dollars per parking, according to Chris Nowak at Affordable Construction, and Stan Vanover-UAA Project Manager. While this may seem expensive at first glance, it is the best solution for improvement.A solution with traffic lights and hiring extra staff to control traffic congestion does not adequately address solving the problems. The only cheaper solution to improving parking is to do nothing. However, this solution though saves money does not solve the students and staff issues, or traffic congestion, and will actually create more problems and complications in the future. The benefit for UAA for this project is that it would recover accumulated expenses from parking fees over 5-7 years (Parking Services), at the same time will solve the outlined problems.This solution is the answer to the described problems, and is reasonably cost effective. Methods Description of Project This project requires adding one more level to existing floor plan, example: airport-parking style, without roof, with ramp access to another level. Second level would have connecting stairs and or elevator to first floor. The pedestrians’ pathways would be implemented between diagonal parked vehicles for safe crossing. Easily accessible ramps would be used by snow removing vehicles during wintertime; the first floor would be snow free.This project will ensure improvement in parking—double the available space, pedestrians and vehicles safety, and would reduce traffic congestion at Providence Drive due to faster rotation of moving vehicles. Pictures of North and West Parking. Note the hazardous road condition and lack of pedestrians’ walkways | | | PARTIAL UAA CAMPUS MAP(arrows point to proposed project area)| Sample pictures of 2-story parking garage with access ramps. | Cost The cost for this project has been estimated at 2 million for the North Parking, and 2, 2 million for the West Parking according to Affordable Construction.These costs include planning, materials, and labor. The planning include the cost of design, surveying, and appropriate permits for the city of Anchorage building code. The materials and labor include the cost of all construction materials and labor needed to complete the project (including 4 elevators if needed). This estimate may change due to prices fluctuation for material or labor cost. Estimate is fairly set as of November 27, 2009. The estimator predicted the low of 4 million dollars to as high as 5, 2 million dollars for this project.Significant amount of money could be saved for material if ordered early in the year from lower 48, and shipped directly. Table 1. Cost Analysis Project| Cost| Total amount| North Parking| Planning $48000Materials $1280000Labor $672000| $ 2,000. 000| West Parking| Planning $ 51000Materials $1410000Labor $739000| $ 2,200. 000| Contingency Fund| | $ 1,000. 000| | Grand total| $ 5,200. 000| Contingency Fund is set to a million dollars for the high end of the project. Ensuring early material ordering will significantly reduce this expense.Time required and Schedule for Project Completion Planning of project can begin early January 2010. The actual construction should start early May— at the end of spring semester—to ensure completion by the end of August, right on time when the fall semester begins. Construction project should take 110-120 days, ensuring as little as possible interruption with students vehicle traffic. The impact on the construction and students should be minimal as fewer students attending UAA during summer. To better illustrate time allotted for the construction, please refer to Table 2.Information for the time and construction was provided by Stan Vanover, Sr. Project Manager, for Construction at UAA. Table 2. Construction & Planning Project| Task| Time allotted in days| Schedule| North & West Parking Improvement| Planning beginsContractors BidsConstruction begins| 4045110| 01/4/201002/20/201005/10/2010| | Project Completion| | 08/30/2010| Benefits Reasonable cost, attracting revenues * Cost for this project is fairly priced according to UAA Project Manager. UAA will collect for pa rking fees and multiply revenues. Traffic congestion alleviated * Improved parking will double available space.This would mean less traffic at the Providence Drive, and smoother vehicle transition to and from campus. Pedestrians and vehicle safety improved * Walkways for pedestrians inside the campus will increase safety. Road hazards, such as the snow and ice would be eliminated on the first floor of parking, thus enhancing pedestrians and motorists safety. Conclusion Despite our economic downturn, colleges in the United States reporting increase in attendance and ever-rising tuition fees. UAA is a home to more than 15 000 students annually; in 2009 UAA reported over 1000 students more than previous year in attendance.We believe that proposed solution to parking improvement is an excellent way to reduce traffic congestion, pedestrians, and motorists’ safety, and provide adequate parking spaces. We look forward to making UAA a safer, well-developed campus. If there are any qu estions you may have, please contact us at your convenience. References 2008 survey, Campus Commuters Statistics can be found at: http://www. uaa. alaska. edu/opra/upload/Common-Data-Set-2008 Department of Transportation, vehicle accidents statistics can be found at: http://safety. fhwa. dot. gov/hsip/fivepercent/2008/08ak. htmUAA Parking Services comments can be found at: http://www. uaa. alaska. edu/parking/, 907. 786. 1119 Lance Wilber, Municipality of Anchorage, information on traffic lights can be found at: http://www. muni. org/Departments/traffic/engineering/Pages/Signals. aspx Information on cost analysis, construction, and planning for the project can be found from: Stan Vanover, Senior Project Manager UAA, Department of Facilities, Planning, and Construction Information on project cost estimate can be found from: Affordable Construction, Chris Nowak, 907. 245. 5722, 20907 Turnagain St, Anchorage

The Digital Dilema †Adapting to Technology

The Digital Dilema – Adapting to Technology Free Online Research Papers The contemporary person uses technology throughout their daily routines and it should be noted that without this technology the world would not be able to survive. New types of media have enabled us to become connected easier and in combination with other technologies, making it easier to complete everyday tasks. The convergence of different technologies has been present throughout history but has just recently been speeding up and reshaping â€Å"the landscape of the mass media†. (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 188) Despite this we encounter digital dilemmas and problems such as the age gap between generations and the need to adapt to the new technology used. If we think dialectically we can understand the processes of historical development in relation to the new media and the technologies (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 16). By doing this we can explain the relevance and use of memes that can be transferred through different ideologies that different societies hold. The idea of ‘political economy’ shows how the media does not just contain the content or the way we view it, but who owns and dictates what we watch. Political economy can explain how the media is a multinational Industry rather than just a source of information and entertainment. The way in which technology develops, is a product of the need for society to improve on current systems. This links back with convergence which creates a dialectical change creating new technologies. (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 75) Each of these ideas combine to show what makes new media and the use of further elaboration will help to prove this. One of the most common digital dilemmas that individuals experience is the inability to use new and emerging technologies. The internet age gap has proven a problem for most families including mine, where the parents are unable to cope with the emerging problems related to the internet such as pornography and sexual predators. â€Å"A lot of parents feel helpless about what to do, so that makes it hard to acknowledge a problem for their own child† (Ohler, 2007) and this is related to â€Å"the enormous Internet â€Å"technology gap† between parents and their children†. (Ohler, 2007) The problem is that the parents do not understand how to use the internet or how it can contain such harmful devices. Until now, parents have not known or understood these underlying problems, until now where they are starting to emerge thanks to groups such as ‘the internet and your child’ (Child, 2005) whose aim is to educate parents of these dangers. With this comes th e dialectic dilemma where we see our security and our own children’s’ wellbeing compromised. The internet has brought us many amazing things; education, connectivity, ease of access to information and with that it has brought; pornography, illegal music, sexual predators that pray on children. The internet has been part of a memetic structure in which we have changed from different technologies over time. One part of the internet; news coverage has continued from other sources such as newspapers, magazines and the daily news on the television. From the period when people had to read the papers to see what was happening around the world, we can now use the internet, this is a meme that will continue to develop through time. When discussing the topic of political economy in the mass media it should be noted that the mass media is not just a source of entertainment but also a multinational Industry. An example of how corporations and large conglomerates generate large amounts of revenue through the media is ‘Time Warner’ an American company that generated $29.3 billion in the year of 2004. (Croteau Hoynes, 2005, p. 75) In order for these companies to achieve these results, they must employ specialist tactics such as collaborative audience research. Where they send research representatives to survey consumers in order to find out what the people want to see and who wants to see it, changing their stations or form of media to suit the audience. This then moves into the next point of how the mass media corporations are able to control what we see and what we don’t see. Simple ideologies are also implemented through the information produced; memes such as the development of reality televi sion shows, we all know what ‘idol’ is when someone mentions it, of course referring to Australian/American idol a nationwide singing competition. It can be seen that the mass media can create a sense of hegemony by using â€Å"subversive memes of ideology† (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 52) and developing distances between certain groups or class structures. Technology is â€Å"An object, or system of connected objects that can be used in a productive process to provide a practical solution to a problem†. (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 58) This is the basic definition of what technology is, an object or system that has been created for a purpose of solving a problem. Technology is not just for creating solutions to problems, but to maybe further advance the way that we communicate, receive information and learn new things. Technology is created and reinvented over and over; changing constantly to advance in the amount of knowledge and skills we have as a society. From that we know that, advancements in technology and the creation of new technology is a result of â€Å"people socially interacting with new ideas and technologies – not the technologies, that has been decisive in forcing the pace of change†. (p. 58) The ability to listen to music has evolved significantly in the last century, but taken substantial steps in t he last decade with the creation of digital media. Moving from the Phonograph to the iPod is a great advancement in technology using this as an example we can see how music has become more portable and easier to access. The iPod and other devices are becoming part of a large convergence where all digital media is being turned into one machine improving efficiency. â€Å"‘New’ technologies are not new; technological development and technological change have been part of the human experience since the beginning†. (Hurst Harrison, 2007, p. 75) Over time we have frequently developed our technologies and media, constantly reinventing them. Digital dilemmas will always exist when creating new technologies, but will be overcome when solutions are found in new technology. We can see that â€Å"the positive and negative aspects of technology are dialectically aligned and can be found in nearly all digital commodities†. The new media is a constant evolution of ideas and technologies that will keep improving over time. References child, T. i. (2005). The internet and your child. Retrieved August 19, 2007, from theinternetandyourchild.org/ Croteau, D., Hoynes, W. (2005). The new media giants. In W. H. David Croteau, The Business of Media: Corporate Media and the Public Interest (p. 75). Pine Forge Press. Hurst, M., Harrison, J. (2007). Communication and the new media. New York: Oxford University Press. Ohler, S. (2007). The internet age gap. Retrieved August 19, 2007, from Canada: canada.com/topics/technology/story.html?id=ed4a8b9f-2a4e-41c5-bc7b-05fec06ff77e Research Papers on The Digital Dilema - Adapting to TechnologyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Project Managment Office SystemEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Biography of Greek Philosopher Anaximander

Biography of Greek Philosopher Anaximander Anaximander was a Greek philosopher who had a deep interest in cosmology as well as a systematic view of the world (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although little about his life and world is known today he was one of the first philosophers to write down his studies and he was an advocate of science and trying to understand the structure and organization of the world. As such he made many significant contributions to early geography and cartography and he is believed to have created the first published world map. Anaximander’s Life Anaximander was born in 610 B.C.E. in Miletus (present-day Turkey). Little is known about his early life but it is believed that he was a student of the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus (Encyclopedia Britannica). During his studies, Anaximander wrote about astronomy, geography and the nature and organization of the world around him. Today only a small portion of Anaximander’s work survives and much of what is known about his work and life is based on reconstructions and summaries by later Greek writers and philosophers. For example in the 1st or 2nd century C.E. Aetius became compiling the work of early philosophers. His work was later followed by that of Hippolytus in the 3rd century and Simplicius in the 6th century (Encyclopedia Britannica). Despite the work of these philosophers, however, many scholars believe that Aristotle and his student Theophrastus are most responsible for what is known about Anaximander and his work today (The European Graduate School). Their summaries and reconstructions show that Anaximander and Thales formed the Milesian School of Pre-Socratic philosophy. Anaximander is also credited with inventing the gnomon on the sundial and he believed in a single principle that was the basis for the universe (Gill). Anaximander is known for writing a philosophical prose poem called On Nature and today only a fragment still exists (The European Graduate School). It is believed that many of the summaries and reconstructions of his work were based on this poem. In the poem, Anaximander describes a regulating system that governs the world and the cosmos. He also explains that there is an indefinite principle and element that form the basis for the Earth’s organization (The European Graduate School). In addition to these theories Anaximander also early new theories in astronomy, biology, geography, and geometry. Contributions to Geography and Cartography Because of his focus on the organization of the world much of Anaximander’s work contributed significantly to the development of early geography and cartography. He is credited with designing the first published map (which was later revised by Hecataeus) and he may have also built one of the first celestial globe (Encyclopedia Britannica). Anaximander’s map, although not detailed, was significant because it was the first attempt to show the entire world or at least the portion that was known to the ancient Greeks at the time. It is believed that Anaximander created this map for a number of reasons. One of which was to improve navigation between the colonies of Miletus and other colonies around the Mediterranean and Black seas (Wikipedia.org). Another reason for creating the map was to show the known world to other colonies in an attempt to make them want to join the Ionian city-states (Wikipedia.org). The final stated for creating the map was that Anaximander wanted to show a global representation of the known world to increase knowledge for himself and his peers.   Anaximander believed that the inhabited portion of the Earth was flat and it was made up of the top face of a cylinder (Encyclopedia Britannica). He also stated that the Earth’s position was not supported by anything and it simply remained in place because it was equidistant from all other things (Encyclopedia Britannica).   Other Theories and Accomplishments In addition to the structure of the Earth itself, Anaximander was also interested in the structure of the cosmos, the origin of the world and evolution. He believed that the sun and moon were hollow rings filled with fire. The rings themselves according to Anaximander had vents or holes so that the fire could shine through. The different phases of the moon and eclipses were a result of the vents closing. In trying to explain the origin of the world Anaximander developed a theory that everything originated from the apeiron (the indefinite or infinite) instead of from a specific element (Encyclopedia Britannica). He believed that motion and the ape iron were the origin of the world and motion caused opposite thing such as hot and cold or wet and dry land for instance to be separated (Encyclopedia Britannica). He also believed that the world was not eternal and would eventually be destroyed so a new world could begin. In addition to his belief in apeiron, Anaximander also believed in evolution for the development of the Earth’s living things. The world’s first creatures were said to have come from evaporation and humans came from another type of animal (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although his work was later revised by other philosophers and scientists to be more accurate, Anaximander’s writings were significant to the development of early geography, cartography, astronomy and other fields because they represented one of the first attempts to explain the world and its structure/organization. Anaximander died in 546 B.C.E. in Miletus. To learn more about Anaximander visit the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 48

Marketing - Essay Example Further, the retail store provides incentives coupons on its website periodically that can be used only in-store, thus prompting the online consumers to visit the bricks-and-mortar retail stores. The household catalog strongly iterates the availability of products online, providing promotional codes in the catalog that can be used online. The promotional function integrates all of the marketing messages so that customers find consistency in how the business is positioned against competition stemming from its different marketing channels. JCPenney positions on price and affordability against its competition, and the majority of integrated promotions for all three channels focus on pricing differentiation. It could confuse the brand concept if the business used multiple promotional strategies. Promotions are not different in-store, in the catalog, or online since the company maintains a very wide target demographic. Because the business carries products relevant to many different lifestyles and age groups, it must adopt a mass market promotional strategy rather than limiting the business to niche marketing or market

The concept of Open Markets and Closed Borders. HLSs311 Forum 2 Assignment

The concept of Open Markets and Closed Borders. HLSs311 Forum 2 - Assignment Example Keeping the borders closed would also cause huge inconveniences from people travelling in and out of the country. Such interventions may have far-reaching effects on the country’s economy. Even if the borders present an opportunity for terrorists and other illegal activities, such as illegal immigration, the country cannot afford to keep the borders closed. This may explain the reason the DHS has increased its presence along the border to secure legitimate travel and trade (Department of Homeland Security, 2011). Business organizations in the United States target numerous foreign markets that may require constant travels across border. If such activities are restrained, such organizations may incur huge losses. Therefore, the government should continue with its efforts aimed at securing the border without necessarily closing it. The ‘need to share’ should replace the ‘need to know’ as reflected in the 9/11 commission report. According to the report, the United States may have been attacked owing to policy issues. Before 9/11, the United States did not consider terrorism as an overriding national security issue (The 9/11 Commission, 2004). This ideology is a reflection that even if the country understood that terrorism was a threat to security, it underestimated the potential consequences. If information regarding the growth of Islamic extremism was available to security agencies. In fact, the commission asserted that the 9/11 attack was more of a shock than a surprise. The FBI also manifested its weaknesses in terms of its capability to link information collected by its agents to identify threats to the national security (The 9/11 commission, 2004). The commission also revealed that the country’s security agencies failed to manage information from the unique challenges of th e 21st century. This is an indication that, the country’s security agencies could have identified